[56]:271, More than 200,000 Latvian citizens died during World War II, including approximately 75,000 Latvian Jews murdered during the Nazi occupation. There were some spontaneous uprisings by Latvians against the Red Army which helped the Germans. In the 23rd block of the Vorverker cemetery, a monument was erected after the Second World War for the people of Latvia, who had died in Lübeck from 1945 to 1950. Latvia has a long tradition of conservation. eSports . Latvia hosts one European Union institution, the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The national tournament is the Latvian Hockey Higher League, held since 1931. [98], Access to biocapacity in Latvia is much higher than world average. All of the minority schools (Jewish, Polish, Belarusian, Estonian, Lithuanian) were closed down leaving only two media of instructions in the schools: Latvian and Russian. [6] In April 1938, the Austrian Anschluss relegated the Austrian team, however, Latvia was not invited to the tournament by FIFA as the group's runner-up. The General representative of Germany August Winnig formally handed over political power to the Latvian Provisional Government on 26 November. [20], The following players have been called up for the friendly game against San Marino on 11 November 2020 and 2020–21 UEFA Nations League matches against Faroe Islands on 14 November 2020 and Andorra on 17 November 2020.All caps and goals as of 13 October 2020 after the match against Malta. By 1959 about 400,000 Russian settlers arrived and the ethnic Latvian population had fallen to 62%.[72]. [citation needed] In Latvia, the Swedish period is generally remembered as positive; serfdom was eased, a network of schools was established for the peasantry, and the power of the regional barons was diminished. [79], The Republic of Latvia declared the end of the transitional period and restored full independence on 21 August 1991, in the aftermath of the failed Soviet coup attempt. [210], Latvian cuisine typically consists of agricultural products, with meat featuring in most main meal dishes. By the spring of 1919, there were actually three governments: the Provisional government headed by Kārlis Ulmanis, supported by Tautas padome and the Inter-Allied Commission of Control; the Latvian Soviet government led by Pēteris Stučka, supported by the Red Army; and the Provisional government headed by Andrievs Niedra and supported by the Baltische Landeswehr and the German Freikorps unit Iron Division. [200] There were 59 hospitals in Latvia in 2009, down from 94 in 2007 and 121 in 2006. The Soviets reoccupied the country in 1944–1945, and further deportations followed as the country was collectivised [citation needed] The rise in use of the Latvian language in literature and society became known as the First National Awakening. Flying around LATVIA . [183], The share of ethnic Latvians had fallen from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989. Former Latvian basketball club Rīgas ASK won the Euroleague tournament three times in a row before becoming defunct. According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Latvians formed 68.3% of the total population of 1.93 million; Russians accounted for 12%, Jews for 7.4%, Germans for 6.2%, and Poles for 3.4%. The total length of its land boundary is 1,368 km (850 mi), of which 343 km (213 mi) is shared with Estonia to the north, 276 km (171 mi) with the Russian Federation to the east, 161 km (100 mi) with Belarus to the southeast and 588 km (365 mi) with Lithuania to the south. Latvian armed forces have contributed to NATO and EU military operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–2009), Albania (1999), Kosovo (2000–2009), Macedonia (2003), Iraq (2005–2006), Afghanistan (since 2003), Somalia (since 2011) and Mali (since 2013). Statistical regions of Latvia, established in accordance with the EU Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, duplicate this division, but divides Riga region into two parts with the capital alone being a separate region. Mires occupy 9.9% of Latvia's territory. [36] The first missionaries, sent by the Pope, sailed up the Daugava River in the late 12th century, seeking converts. The Caracci Waterfall Near Aderno at the Foot of Mt. [195], Latvian policy in science and technology has set out the long-term goal of transitioning from labor-consuming economy to knowledge-based economy. Lettone translation in French - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'Lettonie',lettrine',lettre',lettres', examples, definition, conjugation Its largest lake, Lubāns, has an area of 80.7 km2 (31.2 sq mi), its deepest lake, Drīdzis, is 65.1 m (214 ft) deep. Eager to join Western economic institutions like the World Trade Organization, OECD, and the European Union, Latvia signed a Europe Agreement with the EU in 1995—with a 4-year transition period. After the Polish–Swedish War, northern Livonia (including Vidzeme) came under Swedish rule. [19] Latvian and Lithuanian are the only two surviving Baltic languages. Saint Meinhard of Segeberg arrived in Ikšķile, in 1184, traveling with merchants to Livonia, on a Catholic mission to convert the population from their original pagan beliefs. Vilhelms Purvītis - Spring Waters (Maestoso) - Google Art Project.jpg 5,645 × 4,001; 8.24 MB. [206] Folk songs and classical choir songs are sung, with emphasis on a cappella singing, though modern popular songs have recently been incorporated into the repertoire as well. In 2017, Latvian tennis player Jeļena Ostapenko won the 2017 French Open Women's singles title being the first unseeded player to do so in the open era. [181], As of March 2011, Latvians form about 62.1% of the population, while 26.9% are Russians, Belarusians 3.3%, Ukrainians 2.2%, Poles 2.2%, Lithuanians 1.2%, Jews 0.3%, Romani people 0.3%, Germans 0.1%, Estonians 0.1% and others 1.3%. In ancient times, amber found along the Baltic Sea coast was sought by Vikings as well as traders from Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire. The website features live and on demand videos, basketball news, over 70,00 players … Interparliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council was signed in 1992 and since 2006 annual meetings are held as well as regular meetings on other levels. [176] The best known roads are A1 (European route E67), connecting Warsaw and Tallinn, as well as European route E22, connecting Ventspils and Terehova. [9] This meant they qualified for the play-offs, where they were drawn against Turkey. This aroused popular protests against the USSR and also gave rise to an increasing popularity of poetry. [93], Phytogeographically, Latvia is shared between the Central European and Northern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. The president is elected by the Saeima in a separate election, also held every four years. [citation needed], Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Germans at the Battle of Wenden in June 1919,[50] and a massive attack by a predominantly German force—the West Russian Volunteer Army—under Pavel Bermondt-Avalov was repelled in November. While it is now required that all school students learn Latvian, schools also include English, German, French and Russian in their curricula. [citation needed], Foreign investment in Latvia is still modest compared with the levels in north-central Europe. ISSN Latvia / Lettonie. Pope Celestine III had called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe in 1193. Latvijas Nacionālais mākslas muzejs - gleznu glabātuve.jpg 4,896 × 3,264; 5.25 MB. Latvia have won the Baltic Cup 12 times, and played 99 official games during its pre-war period from 1922 to 1940. [3] However, by the 1930s the country became increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 establishing an authoritarian regime under Kārlis Ulmanis. [119] In 2013 Riga hosted the annual Northern Future Forum, a two-day informal meeting of the prime ministers of the Nordic-Baltic countries and the UK. Latvian non-citizens and the citizenship debates", "Latvia: Investigate Attacks on Gay Activists", "Participation in International operations", "US-led coalition forces operation in OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom)", "Dombrovskis and US Ambassador Garber visit Riga Airport to inspect cargo plane to Afghanistan", "One year on: ISAF's trans-European supply routes are a success", "NATO opens new communication lines to Afghanistan", "Nordic Military Alliance With Latvia in Afghanistan", "V.Dombrovskis: Latvia sees the opportunity to strengthen NATO's strategic communication capability", "Baltic Defence Ministers announced new defence cooperation initiatives", "Nordic Countries Invite Baltics to Join Defence Co-operation Framework", "Joint Baltic Military Staff to Be Established", "Turpina pieaugt iedzīvotāju atbalsts eiro ieviešanai", "Rimsevics: Failing to bail out Parex banka would result in closing down of four banks in Latvia", "Latvian GDP Shrank 18% in First Quarter, EU's Biggest Fall –", "Agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Latvia on Trade Relations and Intellectual Property Rights Protection", "Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), Monthly Bulletin: Table in chapter 09, section 01", "Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "UPDATE 2-IMF hails Latvia effort but sees risks ahead", "IMF Executive Board Concludes First Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with the Republic of Latvia, July 16, 2012", "Satiksmes ceļu garums gada beigās (kilometros)", "Reģistrēto automobiļu skaits ceturkšņa beigās", "The Outlook of Latvian Potential Underground Gas Storages and Prospects of Utilization of this Potential for Securing of Reliable Gas Supply to Europe", "TSG11-06. Rural areas were forced into collectivization. With most of Latvia's industrial base evacuated to the interior of Russia in 1915, radical land reform was the central political question for the young state. [6] Latvia beat Lithuania 4–2 in Riga, after a Fricis Kaņeps hat-trick and an Iļja Vestermans goal. [56]:326 Between 136,000 and 190,000 Latvians, depending on the sources, were imprisoned or deported to Soviet concentration camps (the Gulag) in the post war years, from 1945 to 1952. [56]:78–96 The occupation was followed immediately by SS Einsatzgruppen troops who were to act in accordance with the Nazi Generalplan Ost which required the population of Latvia to be cut by 50 percent. [35], Although the local people had contact with the outside world for centuries, they became more fully integrated into the European socio-political system in the 12th century. [193] About 21% of the total population is not affiliated with a specific religion.[2]. Latvia is a member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, CBSS, the IMF, NB8, NIB, OECD, OSCE, and WTO. Elo rankings change compared to one year ago. The longest river on Latvian territory is the Gauja, at 452 km (281 mi) in length. The borders of historical and cultural regions usually are not explicitly defined and in several sources may vary. [215] Dinamo Riga is the country's strongest hockey club, playing in the Kontinental Hockey League. [170], The IMF concluded the First Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with the Republic of Latvia in July 2012 announcing that Latvia's economy has been recovering strongly since 2010, following the deep downturn in 2008–09. [42], In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and Russia struggled for supremacy in the eastern Baltic. [59] The largest religion in Latvia is Christianity (79%). 250 people identify as Livonians (Baltic Finnic people native to Latvia). Latvia is a unitary state, currently divided into 110 one-level municipalities (Latvian: novadi) and 9 republican cities (Latvian: republikas pilsētas) with their own city council and administration: Daugavpils, Jēkabpils, Jelgava, Jūrmala, Liepāja, Rēzekne, Riga, Valmiera, and Ventspils. Latvia plans to base the development of its scientific potential on existing scientific traditions, particularly in organic chemistry, medical chemistry, genetic engineering, physics, materials science and information technologies. Approximately 30,000 performers altogether participate in the event. Meanwhile, largely isolated from the rest of Latvia, southern Latgallians adopted Catholicism under Polish/Jesuit influence. Until the age of 39, there are more male than female. The most successful Olympic athlete in the history of independent Latvia has been Māris Štrombergs, who became a two-time Olympic champion in 2008 and 2012 at Men's BMX.[217]. As of 2014[update] there were 109 schools for minorities that use Russian as the language of instruction (27% of all students) for 40% of subjects (the remaining 60% of subjects are taught in Latvian). [160][161], The economic crisis of 2009 proved earlier assumptions that the fast-growing economy was heading for implosion of the economic bubble, because it was driven mainly by growth of domestic consumption, financed by a serious increase of private debt, as well as a negative foreign trade balance. Pluriel les Lettonies. This means they use less biocapacity than Latvia contains. [2] As of 2004 there were more than 600 Latvian neopagans, Dievturi (The Godskeepers), whose religion is based on Latvian mythology. Home | Dictionaries | About | Feedback SiteInfo. There are four historical and cultural regions in Latvia – Courland, Latgale, Vidzeme, Zemgale, which are recognised in Constitution of Latvia. [19] He also held the European record for 7 years for most matches played for the national team from 2009 until March 2017, when his record was beaten by Gianluigi Buffon. Summer starts in June and lasts until August. Population by citizenship and ethnicity at the beginning of the year", "Socialinguistica: language and Religion", "Latvia – Country Profile: Human Development Indicators", "History of Latvia - Lonely Planet Travel Information", "Collector Coin Dedicated to 18th Century Riga", "Cēsis, Battle of | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)", Patriots or Nazi collaborators? [citation needed] To maintain and expand industrial production, skilled workers were migrating from all over the Soviet Union, decreasing the proportion of ethnic Latvians in the republic. Despite foreign rule from the 13th to 20th centuries, the Latvian nation maintained its identity throughout the generations via the language and musical traditions. Between 2000 and 2018, the main base for the team was the Skonto Stadium, which was built as a temporary location due to the planned renovation of Daugava Stadium, which started only in 2017, with the first stage completed a year later. Citizenship was not automatically extended to former Soviet citizens who settled during the Soviet occupation, or to their offspring. [65] Most sources count 200,000 to 250,000 refugees leaving Latvia, with perhaps as many as 80,000 to 100,000 of them recaptured by the Soviets or, during few months immediately after the end of war,[66] returned by the West. [71] An influx of new colonists, including laborers, administrators, military personnel and their dependents from Russia and other Soviet republics started. Summers have average temperatures of around 19 °C (66 °F), with extremes of 35 °C (95 °F). [216], Latvia has participated successfully in both Winter and Summer Olympics. [93], Agricultural areas account for 1,815,900 ha (4,487,000 acres) or 29% of the total land area. Fransk [] and Sovieticised. [124][136][137], The National Armed Forces (Latvian: Nacionālie Bruņotie Spēki (NAF)) of Latvia consists of the Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, National Guard, Special Tasks Unit, Military Police, NAF staff Battalion, Training and Doctrine Command, and Logistics Command. Look up the French to English translation of Lettonie in the PONS online dictionary. Lettonia - Lettonia - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Women Soccerway French-English online dictionary (Dictionnaire Anglais-Français) developed to help you share your knowledge with others. UEFA European Championship qualification record, Latvia national football team results (2020–present), Progression of Latvia association football caps record, Progression of Latvia association football goalscoring record, "1938 FIFA World Cup France ™ Preliminaries", "Vitalijs Astafjevs – Century of International Appearances", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latvia_national_football_team&oldid=992667771, European national association football teams, Pages using infobox national football team with unknown parameters, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Articles with Latvian-language sources (lv), Pages using national squad without sport or team link, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 13:50. It has survived in German Baltic families to this day, in spite of their dispersal to Germany, the United States, Canada and other countries in the early 20th century. In Boxing, Mairis Briedis is the first Latvian to win a boxing world title, having held the WBC cruiserweight title from 2017 to 2018, and the WBO cruiserweight title in 2019. [41] Though the duchy was a vassal state to Poland, it retained a considerable degree of autonomy and experienced a golden age in the 16th century. [109][110][111], Since the early 1990s, Latvia has been involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with its neighbours Estonia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. A full member of the Eurozone, it began using the euro as its currency on 1 January 2014, replacing the Latvian lats. After centuries of Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian and Russian rule, a rule mainly executed by the Baltic German aristocracy, the Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 when it broke away from the Russian Empire and declared independence in the aftermath of World War I. Republic of Latvia. dict.cc English-French Dictionary: Translation for Lettonie. ", "Sabres' Girgensons expands lead as top vote-getter in 2015 NHL All-Star Fan Vote presented by SiriusXM", "Pajon, Strombergs win Olympic BMX Finals", The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944-1991, Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latvia&oldid=994166887, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Russian-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1918, States and territories established in 1991, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Articles with Latvian-language sources (lv), Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Articles needing additional references from March 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2007, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Officially the Republic of China, participates as ", This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 12:02. It plans to establish the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in Riga.[151]. Bahasa - Indonesia; Chinese (simplified) Deutsch; English - Australia; English - Canada; English - Ghana ecb.europa.eu. The festival is the biggest of its kind in the world and is held every two years in a different host city. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants[18] and a territory of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi). Affiliations of the areas that comprise modern Latvia in historical & regional context: Latvia lies in Northern Europe, on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea and northwestern part of the East European Craton (EEC), between latitudes 55° and 58° N (a small area is north of 58°), and longitudes 21° and 29° E (a small area is west of 21°). FIBA organises the most famous and prestigious international basketball competitions including the FIBA Basketball World Cup, the FIBA World Championship for Women and the FIBA 3x3 World Tour. The longest river flowing through Latvian territory is the Daugava, which has a total length of 1,005 km (624 mi), of which 352 km (219 mi) is on Latvian territory. [154] In November 2012, the three countries agreed to create a joint military staff in 2013. In 2014, Riga was the European Capital of Culture, the euro was introduced as the currency of the country and a Latvian was named vice-president of the European Commission.